| Significant accounting policies | | | | | | |
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(i) | Basis of accounting and brsentation | | | | | | |
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| The financial statements are brpared under the historical cost convention, on the accrual basis of accounting, in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (‘GAAP’), mandatory accounting standards as notified under section 133 of the Companies Act 2013, read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules 2014, and the relevant provisions of Companies Act, 2013 to the extent applicable to the Company. All income and expenditure having a material bearing on the financial statements are recognised on accrual basis. The financial statements have been brsented based on Schedule III to the Companies Act 2013. |
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(ii) | Use of estimates | | | | | | | |
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| The brparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the date of the financial statements, and reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Examples of estimates include useful life of fixed assets, retirement benefits, provision for inventory obsolescence, provision for redelivery costs, provision for doubtful trade receivables and loans and advances. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Any changes in estimates are adjusted prospectively. |
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(iii) | Fixed assets, capital work-in-progress and debrciation and amortisation | | |
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| Tangible fixed assets | | | | | | | |
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| Owned tangible fixed assets are stated at the cost of acquisition including incidental costs related to acquisition and installation, less accumulated debrciation and impairment losses, if any. |
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| The cost of improvements to aircraft acquired on lease have been capitalised and disclosed separately as leasehold improvement - aircraft. |
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| Capital work-in-progress | | | | | | | |
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| Fixed assets under construction and cost of assets not ready for use as at the balance sheet date are disclosed as capital work-in-progress. |
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| Intangible fixed assets | | | | | | | |
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| Intangible fixed assets are recognised only if acquired and it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to the Company and the cost of assets can be measured reliably. The intangible fixed assets are recorded at cost of acquisition including incidental costs related to acquisition and installation and are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses, if any. |
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| Leased assets | | | | | | | | |
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| Leased assets under which the Company assumes substantially all risks and benefits of ownership are classified as finance lease. Other leases are classified as operating leases. |
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| Finance lease: Assets taken on finance lease are capitalized at the lower of the fair value of the assets and the brsent value of the minimum lease rentals (which includes initial amount paid by the Company to the lessors) with the corresponding amount payable by the Company shown as lease liability. The principal component of the lease rentals is adjusted against the lease liability and interest component is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss. |
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| Operating lease: Lease rentals in respect of assets taken on operating lease are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss with reference to the lease term and other considerations. |
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| Debrciation and amortisation | | | | | | |
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| Till the year ended 31 March 2014, debrciation rates brscribed under Schedule XIV tothe Companies Act, 1956, were treated as minimum rates and the Company was not allowed to charge debrciation at lower rates even if such lower rates were justified by the estimated useful life of the asset. Schedule II to the Companies Act 2013, brscribes useful lives for fixed assets which, in many cases, are different from lives brscribed under the erstwhile Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. However, Schedule II allows companies to use higher/ lower useful lives and residual values if such useful lives and residual values can be technically supported and justification for the difference is disclosed in the financial statements. |
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| Considering the applicability of Schedule II, management has re-estimated useful lives and residual values of all its fixed assets as at 1 April 2014. Accordingly, debrciation has been charged based on the following useful lives: |
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| Asset Head | Useful life in years | | | |
| Leased Aircraft | | | | |
| -Aircrafts and Engine Components | 20 | | | |
| Furniture and fixtures | 10 | | | |
| Computer | | | | |
| -End user Devices | 3 | | | |
| -Server and Networks | 6 | | | |
| Office equipment | | | | |
| -Office Equipment | 5 | | | |
| -Electrical Equipment | 10 | | | |
| Ground support equipment | 15 | | | |
| Ground support vehicles | | | | |
| -Motor Vehicles(GSE) | 8 | | | |
| -Motor Vehicles (Com) | 8 | | | |
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| Debrciation on fixed assets except aircraft, leasehold improvements - aircraft, leasehold improvements and intangible assets is provided on written down value method. |
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| Debrciation on aircraft (including aircraft taken on finance lease) is provided on the straight line method. | |
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| Intangible assets are amortised on a straight line basis over their estimated useful life of 3 years. | | |
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| Expenditure incurred on improvements to aircraft acquired on lease (leasehold improvements - aircraft) is debrciated on a straight line basis over the remaining period of the lease of the aircraft or 5 years, whichever is lower. |
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| Leasehold improvements are debrciated on a straight line basis over the period of the initial lease. | | |
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| The revised useful lives are based on an internal technical evaluation performed by management and are determined after considering following factors: |
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| - Expected usage of the asset | | | | | | |
| - Expected physical wear and tear | | | | | | |
| - Technical and commercial obsolescence | | | | | |
| - Understanding of past practices and general industry experience | | | |
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| The above mentioned lives and method of debrciation/ amortization are in line with the estimated useful lives, as determined by the management. |
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| Debrciation and amortisation is calculated on a pro-rata basis for assets purchased/sold during the year. |
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| The appropriateness of debrciation/amortisation period and debrciation/amortisation method is reviewed by the management each financial year. |
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| Pursuant to above mentioned change in useful life of fixed assets, the debrciation charge for the year ended 31 March 2015 is lower by Rs. 303.50. The adjustment to accumulated balance of retained earnings / (deficit) is Rs Nil. |
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(iv) | Sale and lease back transactions | | | | | | |
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| Profit or loss on sale and lease back transactions resulting in operating leases are recognised immediately in case the transaction is established at fair value, else the excess of sale price over the fair value is deferred and amortised over the period for which the asset is expected to be used. |
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| Any excess or deficiency of sales proceeds over the carrying amount in case a sale and leaseback transaction results in a finance lease, is deferred and amortised over the lease term in proportion to the debrciation of the leased asset. |
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(v) | Manufacturers’ incentives –non-refundable | | | | | |
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| Cash incentives | | | | | | | |
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| The Company receives non-refundable incentives from manufacturers in connection with the acquisition of aircraft and engines. In case of owned aircraft or aircraft under finance lease, incentives are recorded as a reduction to the cost of related aircraft and engines. Where the aircraft is held under operating lease, the incentives are deferred and reduced from the operating lease rentals on a straight line basis over the period of the related lease. In case of return of an aircraft before the expiry of the lease term, the unamortised balance of deferred incentive is recorded in the Statement of Profit and Loss. |
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| The Company also receives non-refundable milestone incentives from the engine manufacturer on achievement of certain milestones relating to delivery of aircraft. These milestone incentives are recorded as reduction to the carrying value of aircraft and engines in case of owned aircraft and engines. Where the aircraft is held under operating lease, the incentives are deferred and reduced from the lease rentals on a straight line basis over the remaining lease period of the related lease. Where the aircraft is held under finance lease, the incentives are deferred and recognised under the head ‘Other operating revenue’ in the Statement of Profit and Loss, on a straight line basis over the remaining lease period of the related lease. |
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| Non-cash incentives | | | | | | | |
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| Non-cash incentives are recorded as and when due to the Company by setting up a deferred asset and a corresponding deferred incentive. These incentives are recorded as a reduction to the cost of related aircraft and engines in case of owned assets and aircraft held under finance lease. Where the aircraft is held under operating lease, the incentives are deferred and reduced from the lease rentals on a straight line basis over the estimated period of use of these incentives. |
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| The deferred asset explained above is reduced on the basis of utilization of incentives against purchase of goods and services. |
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(vi) | Investments | | | | | | | | |
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| Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than a year from the date of acquisition are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified aslong-term investments. However, that part of long term investments which is expected to be realized within 12 months after the reporting date is brsented under current assets as “current portion of long term investments” in consonance with the current /non- current classification scheme of Schedule III of Companies Act 2013. |
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| Long–term investments (including current portion thereof) are carried at cost less any other-than-temporary diminution in value, determined separately for each category of investments. |
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| Current investments are carried at the lower of cost and fair value. The comparison of cost and fair value is done separately in respect of each category of investment. |
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| Any reductions in the carrying amount and any reversals of such reductions are charged or credited to the Statement of Profit and Loss. |
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(vii) | Revenue recognition | | | | | | | |
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| Passenger and Cargo revenue | | | | | | |
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| Passenger revenue is recognised on flown basis, i.e. when the service is rendered, net of airport charges and discounts, if any. Cargo revenue is recognised when service is rendered, i.e. goods are transported, net of airport charges. |
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| The sale of tickets not yet flown is credited to unearned revenue, i.e. ‘Forward Sales’ disclosed under current liabilities. Fees charged for any changes to flight tickets and towards special service requests are recognised as revenue immediately on rendering of services. |
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| The unutilized balance in Forward Sales for more than a year is recognised as revenue based on historical statistics, data and management estimates, and considering the Company’s cancellation policy. |
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| In flight sales | | | | | | | | |
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| Revenue from sale of merchandise is recognised on transfer of all significant risks and rewards to the passenger. Revenue from sale of food and beverages is recognised on sale of goods to the passenger. |
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| Dividend income | | | | | | | |
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| Dividend is recognised as and when the right to receive such income is established. | | |
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| Tours and packages | | | | | | | |
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| Income and related expense from the sale of tours and packages are recognised upon services being rendered and where applicable, are stated net of discounts. The income and expense is stated on gross basis. |
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| Passenger revenue earned from sale of tours and packages is recognised on flown basis and disclosed under tours and packages. |
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| The sale of tours and packages not yet serviced is credited to unearned revenue, i.e. ‘Forward Sales’ disclosed under current liabilities. |
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| Interest income | | | | | | | | |
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| Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis. | | | | |
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| Commission and advertisement income | | | | | | |
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| Commission and advertisement income is recognised on an accrual basis and in accordance with the terms of specific contracts, provided the consideration is reliably determinable and no significant uncertainty exists regarding the collection. The amount recognised is net of applicable taxes. |
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(viii) | Commission | | | | | | | | |
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| The commission paid / payable on sales is recognised on sale of ticket and in accordance with the terms of contracts with agents. |
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(ix) | Borrowing costs | | | | | | | |
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| Borrowing costs attributable to the acquisition or construction of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for intended use. Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred. |
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(x) | Foreign currency transactions and translations | | | | | |
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| Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the rate of exchange brvailing on the date of the respective transactions. Monetary foreign currency assets and liabilities remaining unsettled at the balance sheet date are translated at the rates of exchange brvailing on that date. Gains/(losses) arising on account of realisation/settlement of foreign exchange transactions and on translation of foreign currency assets and liabilities (except for gains/(losses) arising on translation of foreign currency loans used for purchase of fixed assets) are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Gains/ (losses) arising on translation of foreign currency loans used for purchase of fixed assets are adjusted in the cost of fixed assets. |
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| Foreign exchange forward contracts | | | | | | |
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| The Company uses foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge its foreign currency risk exposure relating to firm commitments, highly probable transactions and underlying assets and liabilities. These foreign exchange forward contracts are not used for trading or speculation purposes. |
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| Foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge foreign currency risk exposure relating to firm commitments and highly probable transactions |
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| Forward contracts are fair valued at each Balance Sheet date. The resultant gain or loss (except relating to effective hedges) from these transactions is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The gain or loss on effective hedges is recorded in the Hedging Reserve (reported under Reserves and Surplus) until the transactions are complete. On completion, the gain or loss is transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss of that period. To designate a forward contract as an effective hedge, the management objectively evaluates and evidences with appropriate supporting documents at the inception of each contract whether the contract is effective in achieving offsetting cash flows attributable to the hedged risk. In the absence of being designated as an effective hedge, a gain or loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. |
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| Foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge foreign currency risk exposure relating to underlying assets and liabilities |
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| The brmium or discount that arises on entering into a forward exchange contract for hedging underlying assets and liabilities is measured by the difference between the exchange rate at the date of the inception of the forward exchange contract and the forward rate specified in the contract and is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract. Exchange difference on a forward exchange contract is the difference between: |
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| (a) the foreign currency amount of the contract translated at the exchange rate at the reporting date, or the settlement date where the transaction is settled during the reporting period; and | |
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| (b) the same foreign currency amount translated at the latter of the date of inception of the forward exchange contract and the last reporting date. | |
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| These exchange differences are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the reporting period in which the exchange rates change. |
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| Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of forward exchange contract is recognized as income or expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss. |
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(xi) | Taxation | | | | | | | | |
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| Income tax expense comprises current tax (i.e. amount of tax for the year determined in accordance with the Income-tax law) and deferred tax charge or credit. Income taxes are accrued in the same period the related revenues and expenses arise. |
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| The differences that result between the profit / (loss) considered for income taxes and the profit / (loss) as per the financial statements are identified and thereafter a deferred tax asset or deferred tax liability is recorded for timing differences, namely the differences that originate in one accounting period and reverse in another, based on the tax effect of the aggregate amount being considered. The tax effect is calculated on the accumulated timing differences at the end of an accounting period based on tax rates that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the Balance Sheet date. |
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| Where there are unabsorbed debrciation or carry forward losses, deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent there is virtual certainty of realisation of such assets. In other situations, deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent there is reasonable certainty of realisation in future. Such assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and written down or written up to reflect the amount that is reasonably/virtually certain (as the case may be) to be realised. |
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| Minimum Alternative Tax (‘MAT’) expense under the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961 is recognised as an asset in the Balance Sheet when it is probable that future economic benefit associated with it in the form of adjustment of future income tax liability, will flow to the Company and the asset can be measured reliably. MAT credit entitlement is set off to the extent allowed in the year in which the Company becomes liable to pay income taxes at the enacted tax rates. MAT credit entitlement is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and is written down to reflect the amount that is reasonably certain to be set off in future years against the future income tax liability. |
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(xii) | Employee benefits | | | | | | | |
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| Short – term employee benefits | | | | | | |
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| All employee benefits payable / available within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short-term employee benefits. Benefits such as salaries, wages and bonus etc., are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the employee renders the related service. |
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| Defined benefit plans | | | | | | | |
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| Defined benefit plans of the Company comprise of gratuity. | | | | |
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| The Companyhas an obligation towards gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan covering eligible employees. The plan provides for a lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death while in employment or on termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employee’s salary and the tenure of employment. Vesting occurs upon completion of five years of service. |
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| The liability in respect of defined benefit plans is accrued in the books of account on the basis of actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method, which recognizes each year of service as giving rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation. The obligation is measured at the brsent value of estimated future cash flows. The discount rates used for determining the brsent value of obligation under defined benefit plans, is based on the market yields on Government securities as at the balance sheet date, having maturity periods approximating to the terms of related obligations. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Gains or losses on the curtailment or settlement of any defined benefit plan are recognised when the curtailment or settlement occurs. The gratuity plan of the Company is unfunded. |
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| Defined contribution plans | | | | | | | |
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| Under the provident fund, a defined contribution plan, the Company pays fixed contributions to the appropriate government authorities and has no obligation to pay further amounts. Such fixed contributions are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on accrual basis in the financial year to which they relate. |
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| Other employee benefits | | | | | | | |
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| Benefits under leave encashment constitute short term employee benefits which are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the employee renders the related service. |
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(xiii) | Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets | | | | |
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| A provision is created when there is a brsent obligation as a result of a past event that probably requires an outflow of resources and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a brsent obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible obligation or a brsent obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made. Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed in the financial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the asset and related income are recognised in the period in which the change occurs. |
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(xiv) | Contingencies | | | | | | | | |
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| Provision in respect of loss contingencies relating to claims, litigation, assessment, fines, penalties, etc. are recognised when it is probable that a liability has been incurred, and the amount can be estimated reliably. |
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(xv) | Impairment of assets | | | | | | | |
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| The carrying values of assets are reviewed at each reporting date to determine if there is indication of any impairment. If any indication exists, the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. For assets that are not yet available for use, the recoverable amount is estimated at each reporting date. An impairment loss is recognised whenever the carrying amount of an asset or its cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined net of debrciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised. |
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(xvi) | Inventories | | | | | | | | |
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| Inventories primarily include fuel, tools and engineering stores, which include rotables, consumables and non-aircraft equipments. Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value (‘NRV’). Cost of inventories comprise of all costs of purchase and incidental costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their brsent location and condition. Cost is determined on the weighted average cost basis. In arriving at NRV, due allowance is made for all damaged, obsolete and slow moving items. The comparison of cost and net realizable value is made on an item by item basis. |
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| In respect of reusable items such as rotables, non-aircraft equipments and tools, NRV takes into consideration provision for obsolescence and wear and tear and also provision for non-moving/slow moving items, if any. |
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(xvii) | Aircraft maintenance and repair cost | | | | | | |
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| Aircraft maintenance, Auxiliary Power Unit (APU), and Engine maintenance and repair costs are expensed as incurred except where such overhaul costs in respect of engines/APU are covered by third party maintenance agreements, which are accounted in accordance with terms of the agreements. |
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(xviii) | Redelivery cost | | | | | | | |
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| The Company has in its fleet aircraft on operating lease. As contractually agreed under the lease agreements, the aircraft have to be redelivered to the lessors at the end of the lease term under stipulated technical conditions. Such redelivery conditions entail costs for technical inspection, maintenance checks, repainting costs prior to its redelivery and the cost of ferrying the aircraft to the location as stipulated under the lease agreement. These costs are estimated by management based on historical trends and data, and recorded in the financial statements in proportion to the expired lease period. |
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(xix) | Earnings per share | | | | | | | |
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| Basic earnings per share are computed using the weighted average number of the equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share are computed using the weighted average number of equity and dilutive equity equivalent shares outstanding during the year-end, except where the results would be anti-dilutive. |
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(xx) | Expenditure | | | | | | | | |
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| Expenses are accounted for on the accrual basis and provisions are made for all known losses and liabilities. | |